What's The Difference Between Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Metal?

It’s important to know the difference between ferrous and non-ferrous metals. The price of Scrap Metal varies depending on the category under which it falls. Separating these metals properly not only ensures you get the best price for your materials but also streamlines the recycling process. In this article, we’ll help you understand the difference between ferrous and non-ferrous metals.

• Magnetic Properties

One of the easiest ways to tell ferrous and non-ferrous metals apart is by using a magnet. Ferrous metals contain iron, which makes them magnetic. This is why steel tools, cast iron pans, and many building materials will stick to a magnet. Non-ferrous metals, on the other hand, do not contain iron and are non-magnetic. If you’re sorting scrap metal, a simple magnet test can help you quickly identify what’s ferrous and what’s not.

• Corrosion Resistance

Ferrous metals tend to rust and corrode when exposed to moisture, unless they are specially treated or alloyed, like stainless steel. Non-ferrous metals are naturally resistant to corrosion, which makes them ideal for outdoor applications or environments where moisture is a concern. Aluminum, brass, copper, and lead all fall into this category and are often used in roofing, plumbing, and marine applications.

• Weight and Strength

Ferrous metals are generally heavier and stronger than their non-ferrous counterparts. This makes them suitable for structural uses -- like in skyscrapers, bridges, and vehicles -- where strength is essential. Non-ferrous metals are much lighter, which is why aluminum is so commonly used in airplanes, car parts, and mobile devices. Copper and brass, while not as strong, are used where flexibility and conductivity are more important than sheer strength.

• Conductivity

Electrical and thermal conductivity are other major distinctions. Non-ferrous metals like copper and aluminum are excellent conductors of electricity and heat. That’s why copper is used in most electrical wiring and aluminum is found in HVAC units. Ferrous metals, while sturdy, are poor conductors by comparison and are rarely used in electrical applications unless strength is also a key factor.

• Value in Scrap Recycling

When it comes to scrap value, non-ferrous metals are typically more valuable than ferrous metals. Copper, for example, is one of the most profitable metals to recycle. Brass and aluminum also fetch higher prices compared to steel or iron. Ferrous metals are usually purchased in bulk at lower prices, but they are still widely recycled due to their abundance and demand in industrial applications.

• Common Examples

Ferrous metals include carbon steel, stainless steel, cast iron, and wrought iron. These are commonly found in tools, car frames, structural beams, and machinery. Non-ferrous metals include aluminum, copper, brass, zinc, tin, and lead, which are found in electrical components, plumbing fixtures, household electronics, and decorative items.

• Applications

Ferrous metals are chosen for their strength and durability in heavy-duty projects—think skyscrapers, shipping containers, and pipelines. Non-ferrous metals are used where corrosion resistance, light weight, or electrical conductivity is more critical -- like in aerospace components, wiring, roofing materials, and battery terminals.